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‘Inclusion’ represents one of the central principles behind the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article investigates the development of coastal tourism in the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) states and accompanying broad policy challenges. Special focus is on the leveraging of coastal and marine tourism for an inclusive tourism economy. Coastal and marine tourism is a vital expanding segment of the global tourism economy and acknowledged as a critical sector of the Blue Economy across IORA states. Arguably, the significant assets of coastal and marine tourism offer considerable potential for tourism development across IORA states. Multiple challenges confront the sustainable development of coastal and marine tourism including lack of (or inappropriate) planning for coastal area development and management, governance issues, limited innovation, access to finance for enterprise development, absence of data for monitoring, and, the severe threats posed to coastal destinations from advancing climate change. Above all, the imperative for economic inclusion and of achieving a greater spread of the benefits of tourism growth to local communities, especially for marginalised groups, is a critical policy issue. For many IORA states this might require a rethink of the dominant planning model around encouraging mass international tourism (which is often concentrated on all-inclusive resorts or cruise tourism) and instead the reconsideration of the potential for leveraging potential benefits from promoting domestic and regional travel as well as of budget forms of international tourism.

COASTAL AND MARINE TOURISM IN THE INDIAN OCEAN RIM ASSOCIATION STATES: OVERVIEW AND POLICY CHALLENGES