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This study highlights the notion of self-cultivation, one of the most important heritages of Confucianism with regard to social harmony. Self-cultivation is the first step for developing society, namely how people should develop the self as a basis for developing family, society and the world. The basis of self-cultivation is ren (humanity). If we can conduct it correctly, then this will lead to social harmony and peace in-practice. Social harmony presupposes diversity. Diversity is an impirical reality. Hence, tolerance in diversity is needed. It is the basis of a family ethics and an ideal society. So, in the process of harmonization, there is always a dialogical of understanding between the self and the others based on their role and position. This is related to the another concept of Confucius, that of rectifying names. This is the epistemological foundation. It is not only a theoretical matter, but also a practical one. The objective of such a notion is for people to be aware of their position, role and obligations as a part of society. Therefore, self-cultivation allows for correctness of name, and it is the base for positive relation in the family and society. Briefly, self-cultivation is the correct way to realize the great harmony in reality and one of the solutions for socio-political problems. There is no harmony without diversity.

Confucian Concept of Self-Cultivation and Social Harmony