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‘Tonic’ plantain has become a popular forage crop, but several Lepidoptera species not traditionally considered pests have caused significant damage in some stands. At least two species of looper caterpillars (Family Geometridae) commonly referred to as ‘plantain moths’, Scopula rubraria and Epyaxa rosearia, have been associated with serious defoliation. Both are thought to be New Zealand native species, with S. rubraria also present in Australia. Leafroller caterpillars (Family Tortricidae) Merophyas leucaniana (New Zealand native) and M. divulsana (Australian species) have also been found damaging plant crowns. Scopula rubraria were collected from a Manawatu plantain/grass sward. A laboratory colony was established at 17°C±1°C, and 20 larvae were reared individually on harvested ‘Tonic’ plantain foliage. Five larval instars for both sexes were observed; mean weights at the start of each instar were 0.04, 0.32, 1.64, 4.60 and 9.95 mg. Most larval growth occurred in the fifth instar with mean maximum weight being 35.65 mg. Mean durations of each instar were: 5.4, 4.8, 3.5, 4.2 and 10.1 days and the total larval stage was 28.0 days. Pupal duration averaged 11.8 days. Resultant adults began laying eggs 1-2 days after eclosion and these hatched in 7 days. The total length of the life cycle was approximately 49 days.

proceedings of the new zealand weed and pest control conference/new zealand plant protection/proceedings of the ... national weeds conference/proceedings of the new zealand weed control conference/proceedings of the new zealand plant protection conference

Larval development of the plantainfeeding moth Scopula rubraria (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera Geometridae)