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Effect of soil temperature on emergence of apple leaf curling midge (ALCM) and its parasitoid, P. demades, was studied in the laboratory. Apple leaves infected with 1 and 3 generation ALCM larvae were collected from Auckland, Nelson and Hawke s Bay in November 2004 and January 2005. In the laboratory, larvae were reared in boxes with a layer of potting mix at fi ve constant temperatures (11, 15, 19, 23 and 27oC), and daily numbers of ALCM and P. demades adults that emerged in 2nd and 4th generations were recorded. Emergence patterns and rates of emergence for both insect species at the fi ve temperatures were compared across two generations and three locations. Levels of parasitism varied among samples but more parasitoids emerged at 19oC for both generations. Development time of the pupae for both insect species was infl uenced by temperature but P. demades took a longer period to develop at lower temperatures than ALCM, resulting in longer intervals between ALCM and P. demades emergence. Results suggest that soil temperature has an impact on the lack of synchrony of 2nd generation emergence between ALCM and P. demades primarily in the spring when soil temperature in most areas is below 15oC.

proceedings of the new zealand weed and pest control conference/new zealand plant protection/proceedings of the ... national weeds conference/proceedings of the new zealand weed control conference/proceedings of the new zealand plant protection conference

The effect of temperature on emergence of apple leaf curling midge and its parasitoid Platygaster demades