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espanolEste trabajo consta de tres partes. En la primera, proponemos analizar la urban penalty desde la optica de los fallos de mercado. En la segunda parte, ofrecemos datos que evidencian que la La Union sufrio urban penalty entre 1870 y la Primera Guerra Mundial. En la tercera parte, cuantificamos el gasto que se invirtio en la reforma sanitaria de la ciudad y documentamos que no se instalaron camaras de condensacion en las fundiciones de plomo que existian en el casco urbano pese a que la legislacion asi lo exigia. Para terminar, sostenemos que La Union sufrio urban penalty hasta la Primera Guerra Mundial porque el gasto en reforma sanitaria fue insuficiente y no se instalaron esas camaras de condensacion. Uno y otro hecho se explican por razones politicas. La ciudad estuvo gobernada por una oligarquia de empresarios duenos de minas y fundiciones poco sensibles a los problemas sociales que invirtio en salud publica menos que otras ciudades espanolas de poblacion similar y que utilizo recursos publicos para fines privados. Esa misma oligarquia no cumplio con la legislacion que obligaba a introducir en las fabricas de plomo camaras de condensacion. EnglishIn the first part of this article, we analyze urban penalty from the perspective of market failures. In the second part, we offer data showing that La Union suffered urban penalty between 1870 and the First World War. Finally, in the third part, we quantify the expenditure invested by the city in health reform and document the failure to install condensation chambers in lead smelters in the city, despite this being a legal requirement. In conclusion, we support the hypothesis that the Union suffered an urban penalty up to the First World War because spending on health reform was insufficient and condensation chambers were not installed, which both have political explanations. The city was ruled by an oligarchy of business men, owners of mines and smelters and insensitive to the social problems. Less was invested in public health in comparison to other Spanish cities with similar populations, and public resources were used for private purposes. This same oligarchy did not comply with the state legislation requiring the introduction of condensation chambers in lead factories.

Urban penalty y reforma sanitaria. El caso de una ciudad minera: La Unión (1870-1913)