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The geological record of extreme floods associated with the passage of the strongest typhoons in the last 6620 cal. yr. was first restored for the Sakhalin Island. The cross-section of the Holocene deposits near Dolinsk Town (the watershed in the northern part of the Susunai lowland) was chosen as a natural archive for paleotyphoon activity. The cross-section includes the peat bog with numerous loam layers which formed during the flooding of the swamp during extreme floods. The results of the ecological and taxonomic composition of diatom flora study have been presented with the aim of restoring the evolution of sedimentation environments, as well the analysis of the moisture dynamics and river activity. Peat bog has been formed on the place of the lagoon existed in the maximum phase of transgression in the Middle Holocene. Peat accumulation has begun 6010 cal. yr. BP in brackish-water lagoon. The lagoon had turned into the coastal lake when sea level dropped ~5710–5040 cal. yr. BP. Some bioindicators were revealed for identification of severe floods. One of the criteria for identifying the periods of frequent floods is the analysis of the ash content of peat. The age of 25 extreme floods was determined and the paleoclimatic background of events was analyzed. The catastrophic flood caused by Phyllis typhoon (1981) has been considered as an analogue of paleo-events. It is established that the repeatability of extreme typhoons increased in both warm wet and dry and cold dry phases, three periods of their activation were identified (4640– 4360; 4030–3580; 1860–1380 cal. yr. BP), when super typhoons entered the island once in 30– 90 years. The manifestations of extreme typhoons in south Sakhalin and in the Sea of Japan region have been compared. The super typhoon tracks seemed to be changed in a radical manner during paleo times as well in the period of the instrumental meteorological observations.

Reconstruction of paleotayphoons and recurrence of extreme floods in south Sakhalin Island in Middle–Late Holocene