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It has been estimated that nitrate (NO3-N) leaching from artificially drained agricultural fields in the Upper Mississippi River Basin accounts for approximately 65% of nitrogen (N) delivered annually to the Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of fertilizer application timing and cover crop (CC) adoption on the distribution of distribution of total inorganic N (TIN). This experiment was conducted at the Illinois State University Nitrogen Management Research Field Station, in Lexington, Illinois. Treatments included a Zero Control (no N fertilizer and no cover crop), a fall dominated N application (70% fall, 30% spring) with and without CC, and a spring dominated N application (20% fall, 80% spring) with and without CC. A total rate of 224 kg N ha was applied to all treatments, except the Zero Control. Spring cover crop sampling revealed an average aboveground cover crop biomass of 1,165 kg ha and an average N uptake of 42.5 kg N ha. Soil samples were collected in the spring at four separate depths and analyzed for inorganic N. Regardless of N fertilizer application system, over the course of the study cover crops demonstrated the ability to decrease the concentration of NO3-N 33-62% within the soil profile. The addition of cover crops also reduced the amount of NO3-N within the lower depths of the soil profile by 17% in the fall system and 37% in the spring system. The Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy presents a target reduction in NO3-N losses by 15% by 2025. This data demonstrates that CC have the potential to significantly reduce the NO3-N concentration within

Effect of Cover Crops and Nitrogen Application Timing on Nutrient Loading and Concentration through Subsurface Tile Drainage