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The coupling of cover crops, along with spring application of nitrogen has shown improved nitrogen efficiency in corn production systems. However, studies have shown that only 50% of central Illinois farmers practice spring application of nitrogen. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of winter cover crops to impact the distribution of soil inorganic N following fall applied anhydrous ammonium. The experimental site was located at the Illinois State University Research and Teaching Farm in Lexington, IL. The treatments consisted of a control, zero control and three cover crop treatments, daikon radish, cereal rye and a cereal rye/daikon radish mix. All treatments received a fall application of 200 kg N ha in the form of anhydrous ammonia. Soil samples were collected in the spring at four separate depths and were analyzed for inorganic N. At the 0-5cm depth, we determined that tillage radish resulted in 18% greater soil NO3 relative to the control. In the environmental depth of 20-80cm, we observed that fall applying N into a living cover crop resulted in 35% (Cereal Rye) and 22% (Daikon Radish) less soil NO3 when compared to the control.

Winter Cover Crops Impact on the Distribution of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Subsequent Crop Uptake and Yield Following Fall Applied Anhydrous Ammonium