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Maize seeds emerge faster when planted seeds have their tip oriented downward. With such kernels, the first leaf emerges on the germ side of planted seeds. Through altering interplant and inter-row shading, spatial seed orientation may alter composition, yield and feeding value of plants. In 2011, 12 rows of two Pioneer hybrids at 69K and 84K plants per hectare were planted either randomly (R) with a mechanical maize planter or manually with kernel points downward with the germ of each kernel either facing other seeds within the same row (W) or facing adjacent rows of maize (A) in an alternating fashion. Plants were harvested on two harvest dates. When harvested at 33% plant DM, plant DM and grain yields for oriented kernels (average of W and A) were 16 and 27% greater (P ≤ 0.05) than for R. Because plant composition was not altered, milk per ton (Milk2006) was not altered by seed orientation, but because plant yield was increased, predicted milk per hectare was 27% greater when kernels had been planted with their tips downward. When harvested at 42% DM, plant and grain weights were 29 and 20% greater (P < 0.05) for W than R leading to 15% greater (P ≤ 0.05) predicted milk per hectare. In 2012, similar seed orientations and plant populations were tested using three Pioneer hybrids harvested on a single date (41% plant DM). Angles of the 38 first and the ear leaf relative to the germ were measured for 160 plants of each seed orientation. The first leaf emerged parallel to the germ azimuth (0.7 + 32.8 degrees). Plant dry weights were 25% greater (P ≤ 0.05) for A than R and ADF content and digestible NDF were 5 and 3% greater (P ≤ 0.05) for A than R. Silage and grain yields were 25 and 29% greater for A than R leading to estimates of 2% more milk per ton and 29% more (P ≤ 0.05) milk per hectare. At harvest, the number of dead leaves and husks was greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for R plants. Spatial orientation of planted maize seeds, presumably through speeding emergence time, reducing interplant competition, and increasing capture of sunlight by leaves, increased biomass production that in turn increased projected milk yield.

The Effects Of Planting Techniques On Maize Grain Yield And Silage Production