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This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pre-school nutrition education that discouraged sugar intake with the aims of changing dietary behavior and enhancing dietary quality. Ninety-six preschoolers (aged five) were assigned to one of two groups: the educated group and the non-educated group. The education program was provided for 11 weeks. Nutritional knowledge, dietary attitude, and dietary behavior related to sweets were measured, as well as the nutrition quotient for Korean preschoolers (NQ-P), sugar intake from sweets, and dietary quality. Differences between the educated and non-educated groups were assessed by using Chi-squared, T, or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The educated group had higher scores for nutritional knowledge (P < 0.001) and their dietary attitude toward sweets (P < 0.05), which were mainly due to the group’s higher performance in the high sugar intake segments (P < 0.05). There were no differences in dietary behavior concerning sweets or in the adherence to dietary guidelines between the educated and non-educated groups. A higher NQ-P moderation factor score was detected in the educated group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in the NQ-P score between the non-educated and educated groups. Nutrition education aimed at discouraging sugar intake was effective in increasing nutritional knowledge and improving dietary attitude toward sweets and enhanced the subjects’ NQ-P moderation factor score.

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