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Objective: metals presents at the gaseous and particulate phases of environmental tobacco smoke are considered nephrotoxic. In this research, urinary levels of cadmium, lead and renal function were evaluated in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in a community of the Naguanagua municipality (Carabobo, Venezuela). Materials and methods : The sample consisted of 43 children (21 exposed and 22 not exposed), whom were determined urinary indices in spot urine: cadmium/creatinine, lead/creatinine, albumin/creatinine, calcium/creatinine, alkaline phosphatase/creatinine y β-2-microglobulin/creatinine. Results: in the exposed group there is a positive and significant correlation between β-2-microglobulin/creatinine and albumin/creatinine regardless gender and age. Absolute values of the nephrotoxic markers correlated positive and significantly with their indices, which indicates that correction with creatinine is useful, the exception of alkaline phosphatase, that better reflects its diagnostic utility in absolute values. lead/creatinine, β-2-microglobulin and calcium/creatinine showed statistically significant differences when stratifying the sample according to age. Urinary excretion of Cadmium, both exposed and control group exceeds certain cut points described in international researchs. Conclusions: renal toxicity evaluations should count on the monitoring of several markers, because some will be more sensitive to early changes due to chronic exposures.

archivos de medicina

Función renal, niveles urinarios de cadmio y plomo en niños del municipio de Naguanagua (estado Carabobo, Venezuela), expuestos a humo de tabaco ambiental