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This paper investigates outreaching poor, i.e. targeting performance of the Community-based Development (CBD) approach involving by a women-focused and women-managed Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in North-Western Pakistan. The approach is expected to improve targeting performance by reducing mistargeting, elite capture, and program placement costs. However, the existing literature lacks comprehensive and innovative ways to assess the targeting performance involving women. The paper attempts to garner a better understanding of targeting performance. The study employs rich villageand household-level survey data of an NGO operating in northwestern Pakistan. The NGO is managed mostly by women and its interventions are conducted through female Community Organizations (COs), which is rather unusual for a male-dominated society like Pakistan. To assess the targeting performance, the paper compares villages with and without COs, member and non-member households, in terms of poverty and vulnerability. The study shows the NGO, with proactive involvement of women, has been able to successfully target poorer and environmentally vulnerable villages as well as households. Dr. Hidayat Ullah Khan (masmaleo@yahoo.com) is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Economics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. Prof. Dr. Takashi Kurosaki is professor, the Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan. Phone: +81-42-580-8363; Fax: +81-42-580-8333; E-mail: kurosaki@ier.hitu.ac.jp.

pakistan development review

Targeting Performance of Community-based Development Interventions: An Econometric Analysis of a WomenFocused and Women-Managed Non-Governmental Organisation in Rural Pakistan