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Background: The study focuses on fairness of China's health resources allocation and provides feasible suggestions for government regional health planning. Method: Fairness of China's health resources allocation is evaluated by means of the concentration index (CI) and the indirect standardized concentration index. Contribution of each influencing factor to the unfairness of health resources allocation is decomposed and calculated using the concentration index. Results: The concentration indexes of practicing doctors, registered nurses, medical and health institutions, beds and governmental health expenditure are respectively 0.0671, 0.0703, -0.0653, 0.0108 and 0.0327, while the decomposed concentration indexes of per capita GDP are respectively 0.0576, 0.0715, -0.0870, 0.0022 and 0.0244. Conclusion: Summarily, China's health resources allocation in 2015 prefers regions with higher economic development, especially in aspect of human resources. Policies on optimizing health resources allocation according to such factors as population density and birth rate have achieved initial success. In the next phase, the Chinese government should give full attention to the impact of the population and aging rate, and focus on need-oriented allocation of health resources, especially of the beds. Keywords—Health Resources Allocation, Fairness,

Evaluation of the Concentration Index of the Fairness of Health Resources Allocation in China