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The market of Chongqing flue-cured tobacco always lacks a relatively perfect evaluation of its quality objective system. In order to solve the mentioned problem, this paper will carry on the appraisal to the chemical of fluecured tobacco and availability. There are nine main tobaccoproducing districts in Chongqing municipality, China. We divided them into three type regionsdue to the geographic features; 234 flue-cured tobacco samplesof Yunyan87 (including B2F,C3F,X2F) had been collected in 2014 to test the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium and chlorine. Besides, its feature was evaluated at the same time. Theresults showed that:(1)The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar and the ratio of nitrogen/alkali of Yunyan 87 in the samples were relatively higher, while the potassium and chorine were relatively lower, the ratio of potassium/chorine was higher with larger variation, however, the other chemical compositions and ratios were all within proper ranges.(2)The contents and ratios of chemical compositions differed significantly between the samples from different classes and geological landforms.(3)The class indexes of chemical compositions from high grade to low gradewere:C3F、B2F、X2F,and the usability indexes of chemical compositions in different geology and landformwere: the northeast area of Chongqing, the southeast area of Chongqing, the central area of Chongqing. Therefore, the characteristics of chemical compositions and usability of flue-cured tobacco differed from different geological and landforms in Chongqing tobacco planting areas. Keywords-flue-cured tobacco; yunyan87;chemical composition; geology andlandform; usability I.INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the individualities of tobacco materials are strongly a market demand, especially for the stability, the homogeneity and compositeness of the raw material. In the course of acquisitions, the main good evidences of the leaf tobacco are the appearances and physical properties. Therefore, in this study we need to analyze on internal quality of tobacco leaves in different districts to ensure the characteristics orientation of quality style and to guarantee the similarity of external and internal quality, which has a vital significance to satisfy with the development of cigarette brand and to promote by the supply of tobacco and improve the characteristics of tobacco leaf quality [1, 2]. The evaluation of tobacco quality is, traditionally, identified by testing the sample [3]. But the data is not clear. Furthermore, in some extent, it is easily influenced by assessors. While the quality of tobacco leaves is decided for the content of chemical compositions, which are seriously influenced by the appearance quality of fluecured tobacco leaves and so on [4]. The usability of fluecured tobacco is directly decided by the process of making tobaccos, and the value of flue-cured tobacco is also depending on the classification of sample quality evaluation [5, 6]. The existed researches [7, 8] have studied the climate of tobacco area and the soil factors, but there are hardly researches about the classification of geological features in Chongqing tobacco areas and analyses on the chemical composition of tobacco in Chongqing. Therefore, in this paper the quality of chemical composition of Yunyan87 in Chongqing tobacco International Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Protection (MEEP 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 0211 1 areaswill be studied. In order to get quantified and comply with the industrial availability indexes, these will become comprehensive evaluation of chemical compositions of tobacco leafin different geological features. II. MATERIALSANDMETHEODS A. Studies regions Chongqing is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the southeast of Sichuan. The tobacco planting areas are mainly distributed in the eastern area where have less pollution in the Wuling Mountain and in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Its position is longitude 106°23′-110°11′degree east, and locate in latitude 28°09′31°44′ degrees north. In 2014, pilot studies were selected in the nine major tobacco planting districts of Chongqing. According to the geological features in the 9 districts, there would be divided into 3 areas. The northeast area of Chongqing, including Wushan and Wuxi, have more terrains, and in the Karst landforms there are stone forest, Karst valley, funnels and the stoneholes in the geography. The southeast area of Chongqing, including Pengshui, Qianjiang and Youyang, are mainly distributed along the river to the , terraces which are preserved well. Also, I II the terrace has a small slope at the ground and is higher I than the surface of the river. But the terrace is not II preserved well because of the erosion. The central area of Chongqing, including Nanchuan, Wulong, Fengdu and Shizhu, are the hilly terrain with narrow valley. The geographical position is shown in Figure 1. B. Samples The variety of trial in Chongqing tobacco planting areas mainly are Yunyan87. Selected in the tobacco fields where contain fecundsoil. In order to guarantee Figure 1. Chongqing flue-cured tobacco planting areas representation of the samples, grading would be used by the sampling method. A total of 234 flue-cured tobacco samples were collected, divided into 3 categories. In the Southeast area of Chongqing includes 44 flue-cured tobacco samples which have 14 samples of B2F, 16 samples of C3F and 14 samples of X2F. In the northeast area of Chongqing includes 118 flue-cured tobacco samples which have 37 samples of B2F, 44 samples of C3F and 37 samples of X2F. In the central area of Chongqing includes 72 flue-cured tobacco samples which have 27 samples of B2F, 19 samples of C3F and 26 samples of X2F. The mentioned above measures have passed 85% in qualification rate. Each portion weighed 3.0kg to analyze on main chemical compositions. C. Experimental Methods 1) Index Test After the samples were exposedto mini cyclone, it would be scanned by infrared spectroscopy in the Near Infrared of the MPA (Bruker, Germany). It is using Near Infrared Prediction Model to calculate the quantitative data regarding the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium and chlorine [9].Then, it also can be calculated in the ratio of nitrogen/nicotine, the ratio of total sugar/nicotine and the ratio of potassium/chorine of Yunyan87 in the samples. The Descriptive Statistics, Membership Function [10] and Principal Components [11,12 ] are used to analyze on participating indicators and to calculate the Chemical compositionsUsabilityIndex(CCUI) of flue-cured tobacco in order to confirm a comprehensive evaluation on chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco. International Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Protection (MEEP 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 0212 2 2) Statistics methods SPSS17.0 [13] and EXCEL would be used to test results, and Multiple Comparisons are analyzed for Duncan’sNew Multiple Range method. III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Descriptive statistics analysis of chemical compositions It’s widely acknowledged that suitable content range of chemical compositions offlue-cured tobaccois about 18% and 22% for total sugar, 16% and 20% for reducing sugar, 1.5% and 3.5% for nicotine and total nitrogen, 0.3% and 0.8% for chlorine, more than 2% for potassium, 8 and 12 regarding the ratio of total sugar/nicotine, approximately 1 for the ratio of nitrogen/alkali, more than 4 for the ratio of potassium/chorine [2,14]. According to Table I, chemical composition variation coefficients of the general trend are chlorine, potassium, nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen. On the table of the narrative, Yunyan87 of tobacco are all in the range of requirement, including total nitrogen, nicotine, the ratio of total sugar/nicotine, the potassium/chorine. While,the total sugar, reducing sugar and the ratio of nitrogen/alkali is slightly higher than the requirement of the flue-cured tobacco. And the chlorine ion and potassium ion is slightly lower than the average value. Among them, the variation of chlorine ion, the ratio of total sugar to nicotine and the potassium ion are considered. What’s more, it also shows that different tobacco planting areas of Chongqing at the ratio of potassium/chlorine vary greatly, which the coefficient of variation of the ratio of potassium/chlorine has a strong variation greater than 1. From the coefficient of skewness, some of them are negative skewed peaks which the coefficient are less than 0 including total sugar, reducing sugar and the ratio of nitrogen/nicotine. Others are the positive skewed peaks. From the coefficient of kurtosis, concentration with chlorine, the ratio of total sugar/nicotine and the ratio of potassium/chlorine have longer tail than normal distributions. TABLE I. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS ONCHONGQINGTOBACCOYUNYAN 87IN TOBACCO LEAVES Indexes Average Maximum Minimum Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation Coefficient of Skewness Coefficient of Kurtosis Total Sugar/% Reducing Sugar/% Nicotine/% Chlorine/% Potassium/% Nitrogen/% Total Sugar/Nicotine Nitrogen/Nicotine Potassium/Chlorine 23.93 21.80 3.06 0.12

Chemical Composition Characteristics and Usability Evaluation of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves - A Case Study of Tobacco-producing Areas in Chongqing Municipality, China