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According to field surveys of arable soils in the zone of anthropogenic emissions of the cryolite plant, the levels of soil contamination with fluorine, depending on the distance to the source, were determined and the correlation of agrochemical soil indicators with the content of fluorine in them was identified. Soil 20 km away from cryolite plant, can be considered clean (fluoride content of 2.6 mg/kg). Evaluation of the productivity of plants at the sampling points demonstrated that the content of water-soluble fluorine in the soil above the MPC leads to a decrease in crop yields. In micro plot and small experiments, the effect of fluorine pollution on the productivity of plants was studied, the protective shields from fluoride contamination were tested. It was found that enhanced mineral nutrition contributes to the active plants resistance to oppression caused by fluoride pollution. Breakdowns in the anatomical structure and formation of generative cells under the influence of toxic effects of fluorine were revealed. The nature of chromosomal rearrangements after fluoride pollution resembles the effect of physical and chemical mutagens on plants. Keywords— fluoride pollution, soils, plant productivity, protective suspensions, anatomical structure, cytomorphological analysis, meiosis, chromosomal rearrangements. I. FLUORIDE POLLUTION SOURCE AND EXTENT Fluorine by weight occupies the thirteenth place among the elements that make up the earth's crust, and nineteenth among the elements that make up the soil. The presence of fluorine in plants was defined by Müller in 1845, but only in 1913 Gauthier and Klausman detected it in all of the 64 plant species they studied [1]. Even though, the physiological need for fluorine in plant metabolism has not yet been proven, the participation of fluorine in the synthesis of humus has been noted (i.e. the need for it for the life of specific soil microorganisms) [2]. The technogenic accumulation of fluorine in the environment is the greatest risk for humans, animals and plants [3,4,5]. Among the existing atmospheric pollutants, fluorine is the third in volume and hazard after sulphur and nitrogen oxides. The most intensive fluorine pollution occurs because of the anthropogenic emissions in the production of aluminum, phosphorus fertilizers, glass, ceramics, as well as the use of fertilizers containing residual fluorine. The fluoride contamination rate and the negative effects on the environment around the aluminum smelters are inversely proportional to the distance from the source of pollution. The most severe harm was observed within a radius of 2 km from the emission source [6,7,8,9,10]. Also, the systematic longterm application of superphosphate, amorphous, or a onetime application of fertilizers containing 500 kg or more P2O5 per hectare, reduces yield and leads to the accumulation of fluorine in the biomass [11]. II. FLUORINE IN SOIL The major part of fluorides which get into the soil, goes into an insoluble or hardly soluble condition and only a small amount remains in a mobile bonding. The amount and intensity of this transformation depends on many factors, but primarily on the chemical composition of the soil. The accumulation of fluorine in the soil leads to the decrease of the redox potential and of the amount of cation exchange, an increase in the solid residual from the aqueous extract. The mobility of iron, aluminum, manganese increases, the soil dispersion increases, the availability of nutrients to plants decreases, the total number of microorganisms and enzymatic activity decreases [12]. III. FLUORINE IN PLANTS Under normal conditions, the fluorine content in various plant organs does not exceed 5 mg / kg: in cultivated plants mostly in the green mass, in wood plants in the branches and bark [14,15]. Resistant to fluorine plants include buckwheat, potatoes, millet, sugar beet, canola, roses, asters, cherries. Corn, barley, wheat, peas, clover, spinach react negatively to the increase of the soil fluorine content [16]. Atmospheric air pollution with fluorine leads to the assimilation apparatus disfunction in all plants, reduces the resistance of plants to adverse conditions [17]. Fluorine is an inhibitor of lactic acid formation, in its presence the content of citric, succinic, fumaric, malic, oxalic acids increases, RNA activity decreases, cell division and elongation slow down, phytin decay decreases [18]. When plants are poisoned with fluoride, necrosis of the leaves is noted, they Advances in Intelligent Systems Research, volume 167 390 become dense and covered with a whitish-gray bloom, deformation and premature abscission of the fruit is being marked, yield is significantly reduced. Reduced yields can be additionally caused by a violation of root nutrition. IV. FLUORIDE POLLUTION IN THE IMPACT ZONE OF THE

proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference “digital agriculture - development strategy” (ispc 2019)

Environmental state of soils and plants in the area of exposure to emissions of fluorides of the cryolite plant and agrochemical methods of protection from effects of pollution