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The ecological degradation have been aggravated under the background of global climate change and increasing social-economic development. It is important to ascertain the process and mechanism of ecological degradation, which is considered prerequisite of choosing effective restoration measures. This paper further discussed and clarified the degradation mechanism in terms of retrogressive succession, aviation from natural state and impairing mechanism of the ecosystem. According to the differences in speed and tendency, the degradation processes was classified into four categories including ecological "mutation", "jump", "gradient" and "pulse" and the characteristics were then analyzed, and followed by the analysis, it was put forward that different restoration methods including ecological rehabilitation, restoration, recovery or comprehensive methods should be applied respectively. It was then concluded that the ecological restoration should aim at improving the function of ecosystem, which is the inevitable trend for ecological restoration studies.

Strategies of ecological restoration based on the processes of ecological degradation