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Currently, the world culture is characterized by clustering of the communicative practices and global cultural diffusion. Implementing the personal life strategies, a modern person usually does not associate oneself with ancestral traditions and often demonstrates outstanding results attaining recognition and leadership positions in extraneous and imported spheres. Studying the biographies of famous personalities shows that a significant component participating in the formation of leaders should be recognized as the existence of the value orientation system formed by the notion of “ideal personalities”. According to Max Weber, the concept of the ideal type is ancestral; it provides the conditions forming various generic directions. The term “ideal type” finds its use in the theoretical constructs of psychologists (types of characters, personality types), sociologists and cultural studies researchers (concepts of a bourgeois, proletarian, intellectual, or “raznochinets”). In the realities of modern diffused culture, researchers observe the Western types of ideal personality spreading in the East, and vice versa, such heroes as bodhisattva, sannyasin, and junzi becoming more and more popular along with introducing certain foreign for Europeans rules, codes, regulations, and vows. Deeper analysis of the “ideal personality type” allows, along with the notion of “sociocultural type”, to introduce the notion of a “biographical type”. In this paper, we find “sociocultural type” in sociology and cultural studies while describing the language of social action (types of a nihilist, cultivated person, intellectual). Respectively, the concept of “biographical type” is a representation of a certain life-behavior strategy of literary heroes or real idols of the era. The followers of Nietzsche, Voltaire, Werthers, Lenin, Sai Baba, Ole Nidahl represent the biographical types that reveal the mechanisms of typology within the culture in accordance with the ratio of individual and collective fundamentals and determine the nature of the influence of an image on the dialogue of generations. Identifying the important role of the “ideal type of personality” in the formation of modern leaders, it is necessary to recognize this theoretical semantic structure as being applicable for solving both theoretical and applied problem. It contains significant potential for explaining, systematizing, understanding, predicting and evaluating communicative value strategies of leadership of the past and present.

Ideal types of personality and leading communicative value strategies