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It’s adopted the method of field experiments studied the effects of straw incorporation and reduction of chemical fertilizer on soil nutrients and crop yield, through the treatments of no fertilizer + straw (NS), optimized fertilization with straw to field the full amount (SF), optimization by providing optimization of biological humic acid fertilizer + basal was applied without straw (NSC), optimization of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer by 20% + total amount of straw to field (S0.8F), optimization of fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus by 40% + total amount of straw to field (S0.6F) process. The results showed that, rape rice rotation crop yield under both conditions showed NSC > SF > NS > S0.8F > S0.6F, wherein the NSC has the significant differences compared with NS, S0.8F and S0.6F (P < 0.05) and has no significant differences compared with SF (P > 0.05). Rapeseed rice rotation field soil organic matter content are expressed as: SF > S0.8F > S0.6F > NSC > NS, and straw treatments significantly improve the soil organic matter (P <0.05). Changing trend of total nitrogen content in rice season is: NSC > S0.8F > SF > NS > S0.6F, and soil nitrogen content trends: NSC > SF > S0.8F > S0.6F > NS. Rapeseed season paddy soil total nitrogen content trends: NSC > SF > S0.8F > NS > S0.6F, and soil nitrogen content trends: NSC > S0.8F > SF > S0.6F > NS. Among them, the difference between treatments was significant (P < 0.05). Rapeseed season and trends of soil potassium content in rice season performance: NSC > SF > S0.8F > NS > S0.6F, also, the SF, soil potassium content NSC, S0.8F processing, such as processing and NS showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Crop yield trends were showed as: NSC > SF > NS > S0.8F > S0.6F. It concluded that the implementation of straw would help to improve the carbon and nitrogen content of the soil and to increase the crop yields. To a certain extent, taking the reduction of chemical fertilizers would reduce the soil nutrient content and crop yield. But the implementation of straw can replace a certain amount of fertilizer. This study could provide the technical basis for the green agriculture and increase agricultural environmental action. Keywords-Returning straw into field; Less fertilizer; Chaohu; Soil Nutrients; Crop Yields

Effects of Straw Incorporation and Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Crop Yield in Farmland