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A runway incursion is a problem which rare to happen but has a great impact while happening. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), there are three categories that caused runway incursion: Operational error, Pilot deviation, Vehicle/Pedestrian deviation. The major caused is pilot deviation as much as more than half than other factors. The factors that possibly contribute to the human factors needed to find out. This paper will explore several caused such as systems environmental factors which outlined the runway condition, task factors related to complexity pilots’ task, and human factors correlated with pilots’ cognitive ability that contributes to the pilot attention and decision making during landing. Human factors still become a big problem on the runway incursion even though there have been many preventive actions. Based on the literature reviews process, this paper found that system environmental factors and task factors affect human factors on runway incursion.

The Main Factors that Affect Pilot Attention and Decision Making During Landing Operation Leading to Runway Incursion