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The imbalance between urban and rural development, inadequate rural agricultural development, and unbalanced agricultural product supply structure are the top priorities for solving the problem of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” in the new era. Promoting structural reform of agricultural supply side, solving problems such as resource mismatch, disconnection between supply and demand, market distortion, reducing inefficient supply and low-end supply of agricultural products, improving the quality effect of agricultural product supply and brand competitiveness, promoting agricultural restructuring, and increasing farmers’ income, which are the main direction of China’s agricultural policy reform and improvement in the new era. This paper analyses the current situation of the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural products in the new era, and deeply analyses the dilemma faced by the structural reform of the supply side of agricultural products in the new era. On this basis, it puts forward the construction of the optimal path of supply and demand of agricultural products under the perspective of the structural reform of the supply side. Keywords—New era; Supply-side structural reform; Agricultural products; Supply and demand; Optimization I. AN ANALYSIS OF THE UNBALANCED SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE NEW ERA A. The production and consumption of agricultural products do not match, and the market fluctuates frequently With the continuous expansion of the middle class and urban groups in China, the consumption demand of agricultural products is changing every year. Under the background that consumption patterns and habits have not yet been finalized, production is organized entirely according to consumption, and agricultural products are often "difficult to sell for a while, difficult to buy for a while". In addition, the international agricultural products market fluctuates frequently, the domestic production conditions vary widely, the degree of agricultural industrialization is not high, and the production end of agricultural products is unstable, which leads to the mismatch between the production and consumption of agricultural products. The current situation of "difficult to buy" and "difficult to sell" will continue to exist. B. Ineffective supply and low-end supply are difficult to meet the effective demand of high quality and diversification of residents' consumption Some varieties of production are out of touch with market demand, coupled with the continuous expansion of China's opening to the outside world and the gradual differentiation and globalization of consumer choices, it is difficult for domestic agricultural products to meet the needs of consumers for high quality and diversification. For example, despite the rapid development of domestic livestock products and aquatic products in the past three years, the imports of livestock products and aquatic products are still growing substantially, especially the imports of beef and mutton, liquid milk and infant milk powder. In 2016, the trade deficit of livestock products reached 17.76 billion US dollars, an increase of 22.0% compared with the same period last year. Some agricultural products are single, which can not meet the diversified needs of the market. C. Excessive imports of non-essential agricultural products and significant increase in import substitutes Since the implementation of the structural reform of agricultural supply side, it has achieved initial results in solving the "three high" phenomena of high yield, high stock and high import in grain production in China. Destocking of maize has achieved remarkable results, but the stock is still as high as 210 million tons. Domestic rice stocks exceeded 100 million tons in 2016, and 29.97 million tons of grain were imported due to the upside-down price at home and abroad. Imports of some food substitutes have increased dramatically due to the absence of tariff quotas. For example, in 2015, barley imports increased by 98.3%, sorghum imports increased by 85.3%, and corn distiller's grains imports increased by 26%. The import of these varieties made the corn a structural excess, causing the reserve to expand. The phenomenon of "national goods entering the warehouse and foreign goods entering the market" is more serious. D. The lack of domestic agricultural product nutrition standards is out of line with the needs of modern

Construction of Optimization Path of Agricultural Products Supply and Demand Based on the Perspective of Supply-side Structural Reform