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Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has become a crucial technology meeting the ever-increasing data consumption demand, for it has more channel capacity, higher frequency spectrum efficiency and reliability. The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation on the base station has a marked impact on massive MIMO system capacity and frequency spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we study the DOA estimation method for two-dimensional (2D) massive MIMO system. ESPRIT algorithm has high computational complexity due to the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the signal's covariance matrix. Propagator method (PM) does not require the EVD of the autocorrelation matrix thus needs a relatively small amount of computation. This paper proposes a PM-based 2D DOA estimation algorithm that applies to massive MIMO system. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed estimation method has lower computational complexity than ESPRIT, and its performance is comparable with ESPRIT in high SNR.

A Low-Complexity DOA Estimation Algorithm for 2D Massive MIMO System