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There are significant differences between the implementation of the family planning policy and the effects. According to a survey of Shaanxi Province, the number of families with two children has reached 62% in some cities, and only 37.8% in some cities. This laid a different foundation for the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy. The implementation of the family planning policy is strong and the effect is good. The comprehensive benefit of the two-child policy is higher than that of the policy-relaxed areas. The urban beneficiaries are more than the rural beneficiaries. And the staffs within the system are the main beneficiaries of the comprehensive two-child policy. The implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy in the surveyed area has achieved initial results in two years: the birth rate has increased by about one thousand points, and the sex ratio of the birth population has increased overall. In 2016 and 2017, the proportion of two children in newborns increased rapidly. In some areas, the proportion of two children exceeded one child. The phenomenon of childbirth is highlighted, and the normal work of the industry is affected, such as hospitals and schools, and the functions of the family planning department are not in place. Relevant departments need to make prejudgments and adjust relevant policies. Keywords—"comprehensive two-child policy"; policy basis; short term effect

The Implementation Basis, Short-term Effects and Recommendations of the Comprehensive Two-child Policy Taking Shaanxi Province as an Example