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Increase in marbling is one of the essential factors for enhancement of tenderness in beef. Adipogenesis; the main contributor in marbling, consists of two stages: preadipocyte determination and adipocyte differentiation. Preadipocyte determination occurs even from growing stage, while adipocyte differentiation occurs in fattening stage of beef cattle. The effectiveness of nutritional and hormonal challenges to enhance adipogenesis is important to design a least-cost production. The influence of nutrition and hormone was found on adipogenesis in stromal vascular cells isolated from native Hanwoo beef cattle adipose tissue. In this study, high level of acetate, which is the most predominant volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen, was effectively increased preadipocyte determination in stromal vascular cells, while high level of propionate was observed to effectively support adipocyte differentiation. On the other hand, a high level of testosterone was observed to decrease adipogenesis. This study suggests that acetate is preferred in the growing stage and propionate in the fattening stage. Furthermore, low concentration of testosterone is favorable for the preadipocyte determination of progenitor cells as well as adipocyte differentiation.

Development of Marbling in Beef Cattle Can Be Modulated through the Control of Adipogenic Activity