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This paper is to establish the finite element model (FEM) of atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) with vertebral artery (VA), and then have a clinical traction simulation, in order to observe the stress distribution and characteristics of AAJ and VA. CTA data of head and neck in 10 cases were used as the study objects from PACS database in our hospital, and they must be nothing abnormal detected with AAJ and VA, and with standard position and clear VA. The imaging data must be saved as DICOM, imported to Mimics and built the surface geometry model. Then it needed grids optimizing in Geomagic Studio and volume and element mesh in Hypermesh. In Abaqus, the meshed model would be given material assignments and form FEM of AAJ and VA. Finally, there are the simulations of AAJ movement and traction therapy, the results were showed in images and have an analysis and comparison. FEM of AAJ and VA had been established, there are 532921 nodes and 331309 elements. The simulation of rotary motion with the loads of 5N, 2N and 0.5N, the rotation angle of AAJ was 19.5°, 8.9° and 2.5°, the stress of posterior-arch of atlas was 3100-4200 N/mm2, 500-1000 N/mm2 and 200-400 N/mm2, as similar as in the anterior-arch of atlas and VA. The simulation of traction therapy with loads of 5N and 2N on the flexion in 30°, 15°, neutral position, extension in 15°, 30°, the stress of posterior-arch of atlas was 6000-9000 N/mm2, 1500-2500 N/mm2, 2000-3000 N/mm2, 4700-6500 N/mm2, 5000-8000 N/mm2 and 1500-3000 N/mm2, 600-1300 N/mm2, 500-1000 N/mm2, 1600-2500 N/mm2, 2000-3300 N/mm2, as similar as in the nuchal ligament and pedicle of axis arch. FEM of AAJ with VA is in accordance with their anatomic structures and physiological function. In the motion simulation, the size of load is proportional to the motion angle and stress distribution, which is larger in the regions of VA, the anterior and posterior arch. In the traction simulation, the maximum stress is in the regions of nuchal ligament, posterior arch of atlas and axis pedicle in the position of extension 30° and the minimum stress is in the neutral position 0°. The simulation results can guide the related parameters setting of traction therapy and may prevent the iatrogenic injury.

Finite Element Model of Atlantoaxial Joint with Vertebral Artery and Simulation Traction Therapy