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The use of electrical devices has been increased tremendously around the world. Portable nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries have been used in electronic products for many decades and have resulted in the generation of huge amounts of waste batteries. The battery disposal in municipal solid waste has become a serious problem for many countries. A battery can be considered as a recyclable material due to its high metal content and cannot be dumped directly in landfills, both for environmental and economic reasons. Amongst the metals present in Ni-Cd batteries, Cd is a toxic heavy metal harmful to both humans and environment. However, Ni and Co are valuable metals as a result of a decrease in their reserves and consequent increase in trading prices. Their disposal not only causes the loss of valuable metals but also demands the expenses for new material. Consequently, these spent batteries can be used as a secondary source for metals. The recycling of spent batteries is a growing industry. This review assesses the biohydrometallurgical process for recovery of metals from spent Ni-Cd batteries.

Assessment of Bio-Hydrometallurgical metal recovery from Ni-Cd batteries