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Diffusion kurtosis imaging findings in delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning have seldom reported. We present a study of a 25 -year- old female with acute carbon monoxide poisoning by using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Conventional brain MR imaging on day-6 after Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning showed hyperintensities in the bilateral temporal lobe, hippocampus and basal ganglia in T2- weighted imaging. Compared with the healthy age-matched control group (n=5), in day-16, the values measured in the patient on DKI showed MD values were significantly increased and FA values were decreased in the cerebellum (p<0.05, all), MK values were increased in the basal ganglia (p<0.05). On week-20, FA values decr eased and MD values increased in the basal ganglia (p<0.05). MK values decreased in the basal ganglia but with no statistical significance. MRI showed only abnormal hyperintensities remained in the basal ganglia on T2WI. As sensitive imaging techniques, DKI can provide a more comprehensive characterization of damage in patients after acute carbon monoxide poisoning, and provide additional and complementary information to DTI on pathophysiology. A higher MK value of the lesion in early stage may strongly suggest the poor prognosis of carbon monoxide poisoning.

A Better Characterization of Brain Damage in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication Assessed in Vivo Using Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging