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Housing demands in big cities have an impact on the growth of apartments, especially the lower middle class in Indonesia. Development will have an impact on the increasing carbon emissions due to the embodied energy design and construction phases, operational energy, as well as disposal. A consideration of sustainability in reducing carbon emissions is needed. Currently, the sustainability approach has not been widely applied in the apartment development. In the tropics, the biggest cause of carbon emissions is the energy burden for space cooling, so the efforts to reduce the impact of carbon emissions on tropical buildings tend to focus on the efforts to reduce the cooling load. This paper will discuss various efforts (passive design) in reducing carbon emissions by reducing the cooling load in apartment designs. These efforts have been applied in the construction of experimental apartments in Tegal City. These are shown through appropriate site development, door, and window design (interior and exterior), wind fin design, and the use of insulation. An analysis of various design strategies is conducted by using simulation methods and field testing. The results of observations show that each effort has a different impact in reducing the cooling load. Comprehensively, and in an integrated way, these various efforts are expected to reduce carbon emissions by at least 30% of the existing design that is currently applied.

Rethinking About Low Carbon Emission in Apartment Design: Lesson Learned From the Construction of an Experimental House