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Fan activism is getting attention from scholars as its influence is gradually spreading into the economic sphere, even political space. During the outbreak of COVID-19, a movement around actor Xiao Zhan became the hottest issue on Weibo. Rather than just discussing how fanatic those fans were, people had conversations around economy and politics, such as the resistance to capital, the reputation rights of celebrities and the use of civil rights. To illustrate how Xiao Zhan movement was transformed from fandom to the economic and political sphere, this study applied Jenkin's views of participatory culture while also considering the digital surveillance and censorship in China. With participant observation and interviews, this study sorted out some details of the development process of the movement. Finally, it found that fans, media, businesses and even the state were all embroiled in a network as participants. They expanded the participant network while interacting with each other.

Expanded Participant Network: Digital Fan Activism Transformed into the Economic and Political Sphere in China