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Background: Invasive fungal infection has become the most serious and urgent problem that needs to be solved in tertiary center in China. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to clarify the pathogenesis and identify the high risk group of invasive fungal infection of premature infants in Chinese population. Methods: The research sample population includes1, 138 premature infants who are in the hospital for more than two days from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017 in a tertiary center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. A retrospective cohort study was used to regard the relationship between ten suspicious disease risk factors and one protection factor proposed in the previous foreign literature: Male, small gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia after birth, Peripherally inserted central catheter, mechanical ventilation, human cytomegalovirus infection, combination with bacterial infection, the use of spectrum antibiotic and glucocorticoid, fluconazole prophylaxis and invasive fungal infection of premature infants. Results: There are 77 cases premature infants with invasive fungal infection in our center. The main pathogens are smooth candida yeast (47%) and saccharomyces albicans (41.5%) in our unit. Peripherally inserted central catheter (OR value = 4.983, P<0.001), human cytomegalovirus infection (OR value = 4.088, P<0.001), broad-spectrum antibiotics application (OR value = 2.839, P = 0.026), and mechanical ventilation (OR value = 2.811, P = 0.002) are independent risk factors of premature infants with invasive fungal infection. Conclusion: Human cytomegalovirus infection, peripherally inserted central catheter, mechanical ventilation and broad-spectrum antibiotics application are independent risk factors of premature infants with invasive fungal infection. Keywords—invasive fungal infection; premature infants; relevant factors

A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Invasive Fungal Infection in the Preterm Infants