English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxicity of Fe2O3 nanocubes, Fe2O3 short nanorods, Fe2O3 long nanorods, TiO2 NPs; and MWCNTs to rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings during germination, including rice germination ratio, root length, shoot length and fresh weight. Our investigation found that all nanoparticles inhibited the germination of rice seeds. Fe2O3 nanocubes, Fe2O3 short nanorods, Fe2O3 long nanorods and TiO2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length, and stimulated shoots growth at most concentrations, but had no obvious effect on fresh weight.. Our study showed a comprehensive understanding of nanoparticles toxicity during plants germination. To our best knowledge, it was the first time to investigate the influence of Fe2O3 nanomaterials morphologies on plants germination. Introduction Nowadays, nanoscience and nanotechnology have maken rapid progress, which made it possible to synthesize and produce engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) with various types, sizes, and morphologies[1]. Among widely uses of nanoparticles, the relationship between ENPs and agriculture has been particularly attractive, considering the vital agricultural and environmental risks and the potential uses as novel fertilizers[2,3]. Recently many studies have showed the physiological responses of plant seedlings to nanoparticles during germination, but the influence of seed germination and root growth varied significantly among the plants and nanopariticles. For example, TiO2 nanoparticles could improve fennel seed germination[4]. Similarly, ZnO nanoparticles significant increased the germination of cucumber at the level of 400 and 1600 mg L [5]. Lahiani et al proved that MWCNTs accelerated the germination of corn, barley, and soybean[6]. In contrast, CuO NPs decreased the germination seeds, shoot length and shoot weight of rice [7], CNTs could obviously inhibit seed gernintion of L. Sativum in sewage sludge. Ag NPs increased the germination percent of Pennisetum glaucum[8]. Meanwhile more investigations reported that nanopaticles had no effect on germination but did influence the growth of plants. For example, graphene had no obvious effects on wheat seed germination, whereas decreaseed the number of wheat roots [9]. CuO nanoparticles have no effects on maize seeds germination, while inhinited the root elongation[10]. The aim of our study was to investigate the bio-effect of TiO2NPs, MWCNTs hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparitcles with various morphologies on seeds germination. In this study, the hybrid rice line Y Liangyou 1928 was selected as the model plant, different concentrations of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparitcles, TiO2 NPs, MWCNTs were used to stimulate rice seeds. Several indexes were investigated during the germination including rice root length, shoot length, fresh weight and germination ratio. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first reports focused on the effect of seeds 2nd Annual International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering (AME 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 166 germinating after exposing to hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparitcles with different morphologies. These results will be useful for the sustainable and healthy development of nanomaterials. Materials and Methods Sample Preparation and Characterization of the Five Nanomaterials Fe2O3 NCs (nanocubes), Fe2O3 SRs (short nanorod) Fe2O3 LRs (long nanorod) were provided by the laboratory of Dr. Liu (Tianjin University of Technology), MWCNTs were provided by the laboratory of Professor Wei Fei (Tsinghua University), TiO2 NPs were purchased as a dry powder (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., USA). A transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEM-2100, JEOL, Japan) was used to determine the morphology and size of the nanomaterials before using in experiments. All these nanomaterials were dissolved and sonicated in ethanol and then dropped onto Cu grids for the TEM observation. All the five nanomaterials were suspended in deionized water to make the 5mg/L,10mg/L,30mg/L,50mg/L,100mg/L,150mg/L stock suspensions followed by sonicating for 30 minutes using a sonicator to produce required concentrations for the next experiment. Seeds Treatments and Germination Sterilized rice seeds(Hybrid rice Y Liangyou 1928) were soaked in nanoparticle suspensions (Fe2O3 NCs, Fe2O3SRs, Fe2O3LRs, MWCNTs, TiO2 NPs) of 5mg/L,10mg/L,30mg/L,50mg/ L,100mg/L,150mg/L respctively for 2h, then 10 seeds were placed in every Petri dishes(100 mm × 15 mm) having moist filter paper inside. 5 mL medium containing these five NPs were added to every dishes. Determination of Growth Characteristics Seeds were cultivated in green house of China Agricultural University for 10 days. The number of germination was recorded every day. A seed was considered to have germinated when the shoot emerged from the seed coat and shoot length is about half of the whole seed length. And seed germination rate (GR) was calculated as the proportion of the total seeds that germinated. All seeds were irrigated with 5 mL DI-water once per two days during germination. After 10days seedlings were harvested. Shoot length (SL= distance from the leaf base to the leaf tip) and root length (RL= distance from the root base to the root tip) were measured by slide caliper. And the fresh weight of every germinated seeds was weighted by analysis balance. Notes: Germination (%) =Number of germinated seeds/Number of Inoculated seeds *100% Data Analysis Statistical analyses (one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, and Dunnett’s test) were conducted using SPSS 19.0. In all cases, a value of p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant, compared to the control group. Results Characterization of the Nanomaterials. The diameter of Fe2O3 nanocubes rang from 40nm to 100nm in the TEM images. Fe2O3 LRs had the length of 500 nm and diameter of 50 nm, while the length of Fe2O3 SRs were 200–400 nm and diameter 10–20 nm, respectively. The diameters of MWCNTs were approximately 17nm, the typical wall thickness ranged from approximately 3 nm to 7 nm. The average size of the TiO2 NPs used in the our investigation was about 20 nm. Effects of Different NPs on Rice Root Length Exposure to nanoparticles Fe2O3 NCs, Fe2O3 SRs, Fe2O3 LRs and TiO2 NPs all significantly promoted the root length of rice seedlings at most concentrations from 5 mg/L to 150 mg/L (Figure

Effect of Different Nanoparticles on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Rice