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Malaria is a disease and a world health problem, due to the fact that its potential vector has the capacity to transmit and spread, leading to wide-ranging concerns and international impacts. This study, therefore, aims to create a spatial model of environmental sanitation as a determinant of the spread of malaria cases in Lahat district. This involved a survey method, designed based on geographic information systems, using (1) secondary data, encompassing malaria cases between 2015-2018 and information on climate, including temperature, humidity, pressure, rainfall and solar radiation, and also (2) primary data, characterized by sanitation of the residential or physical environment around the house, the presence of wire mesh, the existence of the sky, wall density and the economic ability of the people. Therefore, the data obtained were evaluated using spatial analysis. Also, selections were made from the entire population of the Lahat district using the cluster random sampling technique from 24 districts, 5 were selected as clusters, encompassing Lahat, Gumai, West, South, and East Merapi. The results showed the endemic occurrence of malaria cases in 2015 and 2016 in the same place, which includes the district of Lahat, West Merapi and East Kikim by up to 51-100 cases and above per year. In 2017, there was endemic only in the Kikim Timur sub-district, which reached 51-100 cases or more, while 2-51 were recorded in the districts of Lahat, West Merapi, East Merapi, East Kikim, West Kikim, Central Kikim, South Kikim, Tebing Tinggi, Pseksu and Pajar Bulan, in 2018. Based on the primary data, the incidence of malaria was 61%, and 39% for non-malaria cases. Environmental sanitation was characterized majorly by ventilation (95%), 72% have no gauze, 54% were devoid of ceiling, 78% had no wall holes, 66% bushes, there was about 49% trenches and gutters, and the presence of livestock drums (45%). Meanwhile the climate frequency distribution was as follows: (1) The wind speed recorded in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 were 3.52, 0.74, 0.7, and 3.73 knots, respectively. (2) summed up to 70.9%, 76.7%, 78.4%, 84.8%, respectively, (3) Rainfall was about 328.50, 389.67, 298.50, and 204.68 mm, respectively. (4) the duration of solar radiation recorded was 51.13%, 47.25%, 51.96%, and 47.23%, (5) the temperature was 26.7, 27.2, 26.5, and 26.5 ° C, while (6) the air pressure was 1010.98, 1010.07, 1009.90, and 934.48 mb, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the malaria endemic cases for 4 years in a row occurred in Lahat, as well as West and East Merapi districts, while climate frequency varied through the years, and environmental sanitation played no significant role.

Spatial Modeling of Environmental Sanitation as the Distribution Determinant of Malaria Cases in Lahat Regency