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In this paper, an electronic load controller (ELC) that has a function to maintain a constant output voltage of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) is proposed. It consists of three main components namely voltage sensor, microcontroller and switching driver are proposed. When the main load of the AFPM generator varies, any change in its output voltage is sensed by the voltage sensor. The output of the voltage sensor is fed into the microcontroller. The microcontroller then processes this sensor signal to give a command to the switching driver. The switching driver will generate switching pulses for an alternating current (ac) to ac power converter to control power absorbed by the dummy load in such a way that the total load power of the generator remains the same. Test results show that the ELC successfully maintain a constant generator output voltage. On the no-load condition and without using of ELC, the generator rotates at 463 rpm and produces a per-phase output voltage of 201.3 V. When the per-phase generator main load is increased up to 9 W, rotation and per-phase output voltage of the generator are dropped to 270 rpm and 126.4 V respectively. When ELC is used, rotation and per-phase output voltage of the generator are both maintained constant at 342.3 rpm and 129.0 V respectively although the per-phase load is increased up to 9 W. However, using ELC gives a negative effect of increasing generator current harmonics. Test results show that total harmonic distortion (THD) of the generator current is 5.1% and 15.3% for no-load and on-load conditions respectively when ELC is not used. It jumps to 35.7% and 70.5% for no-load and on-load conditions respectively when ELC is used.

Output Voltage Control of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator Using Microcontroller-Based Electronic Load Controller