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The present article is devoted to the consideration of Russian Empire social, demographic and cultural development under Catherine II. This period is very fruitful in terms of its significance for the historiography as there is variety of materials to be studied. At the same time there is limited amount of the works devoted to the topic of this article. The study was concentrated around the problem of migration policy and its impact on the social sphere and economy of the country. The aim of the research was to find regularities in the measures of migration policy provided by Catherine II and their reflection on the economy. The process of search of necessary resources demonstrated its variety, both fragmentary primary sources and well-systematized works of different scholars. The preference was given to the last ones with implementation of retrospective method. Unfortunately, the limits of the present paper didn’t give the possibility to embrace all the available data. At the same time the aim of the study was achieved: the connection between migration policy and economy was understood. A well-thought-out policy of Catherine II, by attracting educated foreign immigrants, allowed developing new territories, expand the amount of arable croplands, increase the efficiency of agriculture and, thereby, have a positive impact on the development of the country's economy. This factor was one among others influencing economic growth in Russia as a whole.

The Impact of Migration Policy on the Russian Economy During the Reign of Catherine II