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Based on the level of infection, the Avian Influenza (AI) virus can be grouped into 2 levels of infection, namely highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). The pathogenicity of AI viruses was determined by the amino acid sequence at the site of the hemaglutinin glycoprotein (HA) cleavage and the distribution of the host cell protease. Most of the low pathogenic AI viruses have monobasic amino acids in the cleavage site (PQKETR*GLF), whereas in highly pathogenic strains they have polybasic cleavage (PQGERRRKKR*GLF). Polybase cleavage sites that are identical to the polybase cleavage sites of HPAI were found in all H5N1 virus clades of Asia, Europe, and African countries. The results revealed that all AI virus isolates studied showed a repetition pattern of amino acids Arginine (R) and Lysine (K) in the cleavage site (cs). The alignment of the HA gene nucleotide sequences of AI virus isolates from quail with Genebank isolates that have been carried out shows that the genetic distance value between AI virus isolates subtype H5 originating from quail from Aceh province and comparison isolates from genebank is between 0.01-8.1%, with the homology ranges from 99.9% to 91.9%. Phylogenic tree analysis showed that all analyzed viruses generally formed three major clades, namely the Indonesian and Southeast Asian clades (clade 2), the Asian clade (clade 1), and clade 0 (A/goose/Guangdong/96). From this study it can be concluded that all AI virus isolates that developed in Aceh province were included in the highly pathogenic group, and were still included in clade 2.1.3.

Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemaglutinin Gene of Avian Influenza a Viruses Subtype H5N1 Isolate from Quail