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The aim of this paper is to review literature on smallholder farmer’s adaptive capacity and practices in the African continent and Indonesia. Climate change has been the centre of attention across all sectors worldwide. African and Indonesian agriculture is dominated by majority of smallholder farmers of which most of them are located in rural areas and resource-poor. Given this and other disadvantages of African and Indonesian smallholder farmers, climate change does affect their levels of production. It is important for African and Indonesia’s smallholder farmers to implement adaptive strategies in order to retain production sustainability. Reviewed literature revealed that, most of the farmers across the African and Indonesia continent are not capacitated and willing to practice climate adaptive strategies suggested by researchers outlined in this paper. However, deeper in-depth quantitative and qualitative analysis is still required to find out as to why these smallholder farmers are not capacitated and not willing to practice climate change adaptive strategies. The findings of this review paper solicits further areas of research into climate change adaptive capacity and practices by small holder famers but the other countries worldwide. Furthermore, the findings of the quantitative research will better inform farmers and policy makers as to how to improve capacity and willingness to adopt adaptive strategies by small holder farmers across the African and Indonesia continent.

Defining Indonesian and African Small-Holder Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptive Capacity and Practices: A Brief Argument