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Irrational use of synthetic insecticides can cause pollution of water, soil, air, and agricultural products; it affects the health of consumers and agricultural workers, as well as pest resistance and resurgence, killing beneficial animals, and pest outbreaks. Therefore it is necessary to find alternative solutions that are effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. One of them is a plant-based insecticide from neem seed extract and citronella oil. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a mixture of botanical extracts of neem seed extracts (NSE) (75%) and citronella oil (CO) (25%) against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. The treatment consisted of a mixture of NSE and CO at various concentrations (1) 1.25 mL/L of water, (2) 2.5 mL/L of water, (3) 3.5 mL/L of water, (4) 5 mL/L of water, (5) pure NSE with NSE concentration of 5 mL/L of water and (6) control. The study used randomized block design repeated four times, each repetition consisting of 25 second and third instars larvae. The results showed that the mixture treatment of neem seed extract and citronella oil at a concentration of 1.25 mL/L effectively caused mortality on both pests and was not significantly different when compared with higher concentrations and pure NSE.

Effectiveness of Botanical Insecticide Mixture of Neem Seed Extract and Citronella Oil Against Cotton Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and Armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius)