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Eucalypt plantations in South Africa make up an important part of the local forestry industry. Recently, one-year-old nursery plants of a  Eucalyptus grandis  ×  Eucalyptus urophylla  variety displayed symptoms of leaf and shoot anthracnose disease. Samples were collected from these plants and isolations were made from the disease symptoms. Isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data for eight gene regions. Phylogenetic analyses led to the isolates being identified as  Colletotrichum theobromicola  and the reduction of  Colletotrichum pseudotheobromicola  to synonymy with the former species. Pathogenicity trials with isolates of  C. theobromicola  were conducted on clones of  E. grandis  and hybrids of  E. grandis  ×  E. urophylla  and  E. grandis  ×  Eucalyptus camaldulensis.  Resulting symptoms were similar to those found on naturally infected plants and the fungus was re-isolated from the infections.  Colletotrichum theobromicola  is known to cause anthracnose on various plants including eucalypts in Brazil, but this is the first record of the pathogen in South Africa.

A serious shoot and leaf disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola discovered on eucalypts in South Africa