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Background & Aims: The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical and immunohistological factors that inhibit bone healing after extirpation of extensive radicular cysts and endodontic microsurgery-microscopic apicoectomy, and utilize these factors as predictors of treatment outcome. Methods: Endodontic microsurgery-microscopic apicoectomy was performed in 26 patients. Outcomes were evaluated based on clinical signs and radiographs. Expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, RANKL) in the cyst epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue were also investigated. Results: The success rate was 88.5%. The radiological reduction rate was ≥ 75% in 16 patients (good bone healing) and <75% in 10 (poor bone healing). In clinical analysis, penetrating bone defects and the site (maxilla) showed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). In immunohistochemical analysis, expression of IL-1β and TNFα showed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Penetrating bone defects, inflammation, and a maxillary site are prognostic factors for a poor outcome after treatment of extensive radicular cysts. Endodontic microsurgery-microscopic apicoectomy is a new technique for treatment of an extensive radicular cyst, and this study is the first to identify factors that influence the outcome after extirpation of the cyst.

Factors Influencing Bone Healing after Extirpation with Endodontic Microsurgery-Microscopic Apicoectomy for Extensive Radicular Cysts