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Sediments of Pliocene age from the Sea of Japan as well as the North Pacific frequently contain abundant remains of the centric diatom, Coscinodiscus marginatus, a species which is neither abundant in surface waters nor in surface sediments of those regions. To test whether these occurrences are a product of opaline silica dissolution, we selected several sediment samples from the Quaternary record of Hole 798A which had opaline silica concentrations ranging from less than 5% to approximately 16%. Laboratory-timed dissolution experiments using an alkaline solution (40 mL of 2 M Na2CO3) were carried out at 80° C on the three bulk samples. At the end of each time interval the samples were centrifuged and the supernatant prepared for microscopic examination. The two samples with less than 5% opaline silica contained no diatoms or highly fragmented forms after the first 5 min of the experiment had elapsed. The third sample (with 16% opaline silica), however, showed an increase in percent C. marginatus as dissolution progressed (from less than 5% to more than 35%). These data suggest that high abundances of C. marginatus in sediments may be due to silica dissolution rather than to any unique paleoceanographic signal.

Dissolution and Preservation of Diatoms in the Sea of Japan and the Effect on Sediment Thanatocoenosis