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Ocean Drilling Program Site 658, cored below a major upwelling cell offshore Cap Blanc, contains a largely undisturbed hemipelagic sediment section spanning the Brunhes Chron and the early Quaternary and late Pliocene. The companion Site 659 recovered a complete and undisturbed Neogene profile further offshore that serves as a nonupwelling pelagic reference section. Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios in benthic (C. wuellerstorfi and in part Uvigerina sp.) and planktonic foraminifers (G. inflata) provide a climatic record of high resolution for the Brunhes Chron. At Site 658 the record extends back to the early Pleistocene and late Pliocene. The standard oxygen isotope record of the last 730,000 yr is markedly refined by a well-documented high-frequency variation (e.g., by a new "aborted" ice age at stage 13.2 and by Younger-Dryas style climatic setbacks during most terminations). In the late Pliocene, the numerical oxygen isotope stage taxonomy was extended back to stage 137 about 3.3 Ma ago. In comparison with published records, stage 114 at 2.7 Ma represents the first major glaciation event, when 0 was short-term enriched up to a middle Pleistocene glacial SO level. About 3.17 Ma ago (stage 133), the interglacial oxygen isotope values of C. wuellerstorfi started to increase by 0.5%c until 2.7 Ma and then remained largely constant until the Holocene. Based on the SC difference between C. wuellerstorfi and G. inflata, the dissolved C02 in the ambient bottom water of Site 658 was dominated by the flux of particulate carbon from the overlying upwelling cell during the last 630,000 yr. In contrast, the advection of (upper) North Atlantic Bottom Water dominated in the control of the local C02 content during the early Pleistocene and late Pliocene.

Toward a High-Resolution Stable Isotope Stratigraphy of the Last 3.4 Million Years: Sites 658 and 659 off Northwest Africa