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The Tyrrhenian Sea (Fig. 1) is a small triangular marine basin surrounded by Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and peninsular Italy, lying between the Neogene Western Mediterranean Basin and the Mesozoic Ionian and Levantine Basins (Biju Duval et al., 1978). The Tyrrhenian Sea has been, for more than a decade, the subject of many geophysical and geological explorations summarized by Morelli (1970), Boccaletti and Manetti (1978), Lort (1978), Moussat (1983), Duchesnes et al. (1986), and Rehault et al. (1984, 1987). The evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea is unusual and intriguing in that the basin has developed both back of a subduction-volcanic-arc system (the Calabrian arc) and inside of successive collision zones (Alpine and Apennines s.l.). Collision is still active both east and south of the Tyrrhenian in the peninsular Apennines and Sicily. This evolution has resulted in the creation of a deep basin showing geophysical and petrological evidence of oceanic-type crust (crustal thickness, Moho depth, magnetic, gravity, heat flow, and related magmatism). In this introduction we intend first to present a summary of the main geophysical data available today, second to illustrate the geological structures and sedimentary formations related to the recent evolution of the basin and, finally to provide a brief overview of the different geodynamic models which have been presented to explain the main characteristics of the Tyrrhenian Sea and surrounding area before Leg 107.

The Tyrrhenian Sea before Leg 107