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Four major lithologic facies were recovered from the Mississippi Fan during Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 96. These are (1) sand and silt, (2) silt-laminated mud, (3) silty mud, and (4) mud and clay. About 50 thin sections were prepared from selected samples of the fine-grained sediments using freeze-drying and impregnation techniques. The thin sections were examined in detail for their microscopic sedimentary structures and associated grain-size variations. The principal primary and secondary structures are (1) homogeneous bedding, (2) composite bedding, (3) graded bedding, (4) parallel lamination, (5) cross-lamination, (6) discontinuous and irregular structures, and (7) microfaults and loading structures. Most of these structures, and their common occurrence in regular vertical successions over 5 to > 100 cm, can be interpreted in terms of the standard sequences for fine-grained turbidites. However, several structures are less readily interpreted, including: (1) thin, dark mud laminae, (2) reverse-graded silt laminae, (3) irregularly interlayered mud and silt, and (4) isolated mud lenses in massive silts. We suggest that these structures are most likely the result of particularly rapid deposition from large muddy turbidity currents onto a soft, unconsolidated substrate.

Sedimentary Structures of Fine-Grained Sediments from the Mississippi Fan: Thin-Section Analysis