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In Hole 610, seismic Reflector "R2" is caused by an abrupt increase in sediment sonic velocity at approximately the lower/middle Miocene boundary. This increase in sonic velocity results from a zone of well-developed massive smectite cement. Scanning electron microscope, Energy Dispersive System, and X-ray diffraction studies show that the massive cement has a morphology distinctly different from the common crystalline detrital smectite that occurs disseminated throughout the sediment. These studies also suggest that both forms of smectite have similar compositions. A widespread northeast Atlantic hiatus at the lower/middle Miocene boundary suggests there was increased bottomcurrent activity during the early middle Miocene. This increased circulation probably led to the scouring and entrainment of Norwegian Sea smectite and volcanic ash and their subsequent deposition at Site 610. This ash later altered to form the smectite cement responsible for reflector "R2."

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The Relationship between the "R2" Seismic Reflector and a Zone of Abundant Detrital and Authigenic Smectites, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 610, Rockall Plateau Region, North Atlantic