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Eolian dust preserved in deep-sea sediments provides a record of atmospheric circulation throughout geologic time. This eolian component has been isolated to determine its mass accumulation rate (MAR) and grain size in post-middle Oligocene sediments from DSDP Sites 597 to 602, which lie along 19°S on the East Pacific Rise. The rate of eolian deposition has been very low (about 2 to 3 mg/(cm × 10 yr.) and reasonably consistent at all the sites, except that the MAR of the eolian component at Site 597 increases to an average of about 8 mg/(cm × 10 yr.) between 17 and 19 Ma. Eolian grain size at Site 598 changes dramatically at 10.5 Ma from 7.2 Φ in younger sediments to 8.2 Φ in older material and may provide evidence of an intensification of zonal winds that took place in response to Antarctic ice formation just prior to that time. Pliocene to Pleistocene samples from Leg 92 show no evidence of the severalfold increase in dust accumulation and grain size recorded at Northern Hemisphere locations at the time corresponding to the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The low and constant flux of eolian material indicates that South America was consistently vegetated from post-middle Oligocene time to the present.

Post-Middle Oligocene Eolian Deposition from the Trade Winds of the Southeast Pacific