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Consistently good recovery at Site 584 permits unusually complete characterization of structural features. At this site hemipelagic mudstone exhibits intervals of consistently steep bedding dips, abundant healed and open fractures, and vein structure. Core-scale structures indicate primarily extension, although reverse faults are present in the lower part of the section. Bedding dips steepen smoothly downhole to a maximum of 60 to 70° at 739 to 827 m sub-bottom, below which they flatten slightly. Tilting was apparently caused by displacements along large growth faults with listric normal geometry, inferred on the basis of large-scale and small-scale structures. Three deep holes penetrate stratigraphically equivalent horizons at comparable depths despite steep, homoclinal dips. Healed fractures for which the sense of displacement can be determined are mainly normal faults, and several are apparently small-scale listric normal faults that rotate bedding. Tilting occurred from the middle Miocene into the earliest Pliocene; it was preceded by the development of vein structure and healed normal faults, respectively, and followed by minor additional normal faulting. The geometry and internal fabric of vein structure suggest that veins formed by initial extensional disaggregation and subsequent compressional closing in response to layer-parallel shear, rather than by hydrofracturing. Vein structure is associated with extensional faulting at Site 584 and at a number of other DSDP sites and on-land examples. Vein structure and healed normal faults appear to reflect downslope, and thus probably gravity-driven, movement of slope sediments, rather than tectonic dewatering and shearing or compressional stress resulting from plate convergence. Depths to the shallowest indications of lithification, fractures, and veins fit reasonably into the pattern noted at previously drilled sites in the Japan forearc, although there is no corona of open fractures evident above sediment cut by healed fractures.

Structural Features in Cores from the Slope Landward of the Japan Trench, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 87B