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Since the inception of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), the central equatorial Pacific has been a primary target for oceanic drilling. Four DSDP legs have drilled in this region (Legs 5, 8, 9, and 16; Fig. 1), and the materials and data recovered by this drilling, as well as by numerous other programs, have been instrumental in establishing global Tertiary tropical biostratigraphy and chronology, in shaping our understanding of past oceanographic events, and in the development of tectonic models for the Pacific Plate. Beginning with such pioneering investigations as Arrhenius (1952), Bramlette (1961), Riedel and Funnell (1964), Hays et al. (1969), Hays et al. (1972), Berger (1973), and Winterer (1973), hosts of studies have demonstrated that Tertiary equatorial sediments are sensitive recorders of the interplay between tectonism, oceanic circulation patterns, biological productivity, dissolution, and diagenesis. Foremost among this research is the synthesis of the Cenozoic history of the equatorial Pacific by van Andel et al. (1975), which is largely based on DSDP results. Despite this wealth of information, the conduct of fine-scale research in sediments beyond the reach of conventional piston coring has been hampered by drilling disturbance. The disturbance is especially troublesome in the unconsolidated sediments in the upper 100 to 300 m of the sediments, which often comprise much of the Neogene. When DSDP developed the hydraulic piston corer (HPC), it became possible to recover fairly undisturbed samples from the upper 100 to 300 m and thus to carry out high resolution stratigraphic studies. DSDP Leg 85 was designed to take advantage of this capability. A modified HPC (the VLHPC—variable length hydraulic piston corer) and rotary coring were to be used to recover complete, undisturbed equatorial Pacific sections.

Introduction: Background and Explanatory Notes, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 85, Central Equatorial Pacific