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Dismembered ophiolitic rocks including abundant sheared, serpentinized peridotite (mostly harzburgite) and minor basalts, dolerites, gabbros, and altered metabasites (mainly altered amphibolite) were drilled at most of the sites on the upper to lower Middle America Trench landward slope off Guatemala during Leg 84 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. These rocks show characteristic Cataclastic deformation with zeolite facies metamorphism and alteration after amphibolite and greenschist facies metamorphism. These features indicate that the rocks originated in mid-oceanic ridge, offridge, and possibly other areas including island arc areas and were metamorphosed under a high geothermal gradient at low pressure. They were then structurally deformed and mixed within a serpentinite melange. Such ophiolite melanges may have been emplaced onto the Trench landward slope area during the initiation of subduction of the Cocos Plate. The emplacement seems to be connected to that of the Nicoya Complex in Costa Rica. The slope cover from early Eocene to Recent shows no history of these metamorphic and deformational events, therefore the emplacement of the dismembered ophiolitic rocks occurred at least before the early Eocene. The dismembered ophiolite-based Trench landward slope off Guatemala is a newly documented style of subduction, which has also recently been found at the easternmost edge of the Philippine Sea Plate along the Izu-Mariana-Yap Trench landward slope.

Ophiolitic Rocks of the Middle America Trench Landward Slope off Guatemala: Deformational Characteristics and Tectonic Significance