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On DSDP Leg 84, drilling was conducted at three gas-hydrate-bearing sites on the Middle America Trench slope off Costa Rica (Site 565) and off Guatemala (Sites 568 and 570). At Site 569, on the mid-slope off Guatemala, hydrates may be present, according to the seismic profile (GUA-13), although the pore-water composition does not provide clear evidence. Sites 566 and 567, on the lower Guatemala Trench slope, appear to be free of hydrates, except in fractures of serpentinite at the bottom of Hole 566. Hydrate-bearing Sites 565, 568, and 570 show the effects of hydrate decomposition on pore-water chemistry that have been established during previous drilling at Sites 496 and 497 on the Guatemala Trench slope. These include a chlorinity decrease and δ 1 8 θ increase downsection. The new results, however, reveal more complex relationships between the chlorinity decrease and δ' O increase than previously recognized. At Site 565, δ 1 8 θ values decrease in the middle section of the hole, whereas chlorinity continues to decrease from the top to near the bottom of the hole. Early diagenetic alteration of volcanic glass is suggested as a mechanism for the unexpected minimum in the O-isotope curve. Multiple fractionation by the pore-water/hydrate system is required to explain δ 1 8 O-values greater than 2.7‰ at the bottom of Hole 568, because with a fractionation factor of α = 1.0027, this is the maximum figure a single-stage fractionation could produce. In situ water samples from hydrate zones in most cases failed to display the elevated salinities expected for the residual pore waters not involved in hydrate formation. This is probably because the in situ sampling device still allows a systematic pressure drop sufficient to trigger hydrate decomposition in the immediate vicinity of the sample port.

Interstitial Water Chemistry of Gas-Hydrate-Bearing Sections on the Middle America Trench Slope, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 84