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Basalts from the Galapagos Spreading Center were examined through chemical and petrographic means. They were found to be generally sparsely Plagioclase, clinopyroxene phyric. Samples of basalts from essentially age 0 to 2.7 m.y. were studied. Fractionation trends comparable to other tholeiitic suites are applicable in relating the basalts of this study group. The higher Fe and Ti contents of Galapagos basalts can be explained by complex Plagioclase, olivine, and clinopyroxene fractionation. Alteration of the basalts occurred post-cooling and was generated by reaction with: (1) a reducing hydrothermal fluid and (2) oxygenated, descending seawater. Alteration is restricted to rinds paralleling cracks and fractures, which allowed egress of mineralizing fluids. The paragenesis of the secondary mineral suite is as follows: pyrite—K-poor smectite—K-rich smectite—Fe-oxides (hydrated) ± calcite/zeolites.

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Fresh and Altered Basalts from the Galapagos Rift