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During Leg 70, basalts from the region adjacent to the Galapagos Spreading Center were recovered at four sites (Sites 506, 507, 508, and 510). Previous to this, Leg 54 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) had recovered basalts from the same general area—at Sites 424 and 425 (Fig. 1). The objectives of this chapter are the following: 1) To present the mineralogical and chemical features of fresh basalts recovered during Leg 70 in the Galapagos Rift area; 2) To compare these basalts with those recovered on Leg 54 and to complete a general model for the origin of basalts recovered from the Galapagos Spreading Center; 3) To assess changes in the mineralogical and chemical composition of these oceanic lavas brought about primarily by their reaction with seawater; 4) To determine whether a relationship exists among the ages of the basalts, their degree of fractionation, and their alteration.

Petrographical and Chemical Study of Basement Basalts from the Galapagos Spreading Center, Leg 70